What Embroidery Technique is Used in Cross Stitch?
Unraveling the secrets of "Counted Thread Embroidery" and the foundational stitches that define this timeless craft.
If you've ever admired a pixelated-looking masterpiece on fabric, you've likely seen Cross Stitch. But what is the specific embroidery technique used in cross stitch?
Technically speaking, cross stitch is a form of Counted Thread Embroidery. Unlike "surface embroidery" where stitches can be placed freely anywhere, this technique relies on a grid. You count the threads of the woven fabric to place each stitch precisely, creating a uniform, tiled image.
Key Takeaways
- Cross Stitch is a type of Counted Thread Embroidery.
- It uses regular X-shaped stitches on a grid (Aida or Evenweave).
- It's the oldest form of embroidery, dating back to the Middle Ages.
The Foundation: Counted Thread
The primary embroidery technique used in cross stitch is called "Counted Thread" because the stitcher literally counts the threads of the fabric (typically Aida cloth) before inserting the needle. This ensures each "X" is the exact same size and shape.
This distinguishes it from:
Stamped Cross Stitch
The pattern is printed directly on the fabric. No counting required. Good for beginners.
Counted Cross Stitch
The fabric is blank. You follow a paper or PDF chart and count the grid squares.
The 4 Main Stitches
While the full "X" is the star of the show, complex patterns use these variations:
1. The Full Cross
Two diagonal stitches crossing each other ( / + ). The top stitch should always face the same direction.
2. The Half Stitch
Just one diagonal leg ( / ). Used for shadows or background depth.
3. Quarter Stitch
A tiny stitch that goes from a corner to the center of the square. Used for detail.
4. Backstitch
Straight lines stitched over the crosses to outline shapes and add definition.
Understanding Fabric Counts
Another crucial part of the embroidery technique used in cross stitch is selecting the right "Count". The count refers to the number of stitches per inch.
- 14-Count Aida: Most common. 14 stitches per inch.
- 18-Count Aida: Smaller stitches, finer detail.
- 28-Count Linen: Often stitched "over two" threads, equivalent to 14-count size but with a more premium look.
Summary
So, what embroidery technique is used in cross stitch? It is essentially Counted Thread Embroidery. By following a grid-based chart and carefully placing X-shaped stitches on evenly woven fabric, you build an image pixel by pixel. It is a methodical, relaxing, and beginner-friendly technique that produces stunningly durable art.
Want to try this technique?
Convert any photo into a "Counted Thread" chart instantly with our free tool.